Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Nick Carraway, the narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald&8217s The Great Gatsby, assigns certain types of images and descriptive words to turkey cock, Daisy and Jordan and continues to elaborate on these congresswoman throughout the maiden chapter. Nick uses contrasting approaches to arrive at these character sketches Tom is described by his physical attributes, Daisy through her mannerisms and speech, and Jordan is a character in the main defined by the gossip of her fellow personages. Each approach, however, ends in similar conclusions as each character develops certain distinguishing qualities even by the end of the first chapter. Lastly, the voices of the characters likewise helped to project truly palpable personalities. Tom Buchanan is repeatedly depicted by words referring to his hulking and massive frame, producing a vivid image of unmixed arrogance and power. Before Tom is even introduced, his expansive house is seen, an ostentatious mansion fit for a postcard. Tom later re marks matter-of-factly &8220I&8217ve got a nice place here (12). Nick&8217s first actual encounter with Tom is a paragraph saturated with words of strength and authority sturdy, supercilious, enormous, and aggressive, to name a few. Tom&8217s physical body is described as &8220cruel and this describes more than just his body, but his demeanor as well. His voice, &8220&8230a gruff husky song&8230 (11), added to his rough image. Every one of his actions is completed with unnecessary force. Tom has the tendency to manhandle Nick, manipulating nearly all of his movements. &8220&8230wedging his tense arm imperatively under mine, Tom Buchanan compelled me from the room as though he were moving a checker to a nonher square. (16) The action verbs Fitzgerald employs convey Tom&8217s brutish force. Charles Scribner III could not have been more correct when he said, &8220I would know Tom Buchanan if I met him on the street and would avoid him&8230 (199).Daisy&8217s actions and words contrast greatly with her husband, Tom, and his grave nature. Her impression on the reader is frivolous with her &8220charming little laugh (13), and her light manner. In addition, Daisy&8217s tendency to murmur, rumored to make people lean closer to her, also reflects on her coquettish personality. Nick&8217s ability to read Daisy so well from her facial expressions and body language attests that her mannerisms are very exemplifying &8220Daisy took her face in her hands&8230I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions. She also welcomes Nick&8217s charming but cheesy flattery, when talking about Chicago and she treats him the same way in return by referring to him as a rose and also by saying &8220I am p-paralyzed with happiness (13).

The Life of Daniel Defoe Essay -- English Literature Authors Daniel De

The Life of Daniel DefoeDaniel Defoe was easily one of the most influential and accomplishedEnglish author/ source of all time. Not only is Daniel Defoe consideredas the founder of the English novel along with Samuel Richardson, buthe was also a critical figure in European journalism and politicalcommentary. Defoe has produced as much as 200 works of non fiction and2,000 short essays in various periodical publications. In humanitarian toover half a dozen full length novels such as Robinson Crusoe, a taleof a shipwrecked sailor stranded on a remote island. Defoe has donemore than anyone else in his lifetime he was a merchant, businessowner, soldier, editor, journalist, and writer. Much of his life hewas oppressed because of his religion, beliefs, and political andsocial ideals, because of his adversary to the church and state hewas jailed and imprisoned many times. Defoes writing reflected thefast growth of the English Middle class with new businessopportunities in 1600-1700.Daniel Foe was born in London sometime in 1660 to an English butcherand candle merchant James Foe. He later changed his surname to Defoe, in all likelihood to return to his old foreign family name. His beget was aDissenter, a Presbyterian protestant who was not a part of theestablished Anglican Church. Defoes mother died when he was 10, andhis father sent him to boarding school. At the time Dissenters couldnot attend Cambridge and Oxford universities(unless they take an oathto the Church of England), in fact at the time Dissenters wereprosecuted slightly by the Catholic who were the majority of thecountry. Dissenters had to send their children to dissentingacademies. At the age of 14 Defoe went to attend a dissentin... ...and economic surroundings effected human nature. His novelsare meaning(a) in history because they mark an alpha break fromtraditional long poems and dramas. Defoe created reality of what weare reading by presenting realistic details and conditions. Defoescomplex modus vivendi contributed to his understanding of people and theworld.Annotated BibliographyDaniel Defoe Catharton .Biography of Daniel Defoe expressing his involvement with religion andpolitics.Books and Writers Online. .Biography of Daniel Defoe quoting and describing the work that he haspublished and produced. With a list of work along with dates.Daniel The True-Born Englishman Defoe - Incomptech .Summery of important events in life of Daniel Defoe. His imprisonmentand struggle by the Catholic church.Daniel Defoe World Book Encyclopedia. 234. 1992.

Concert at Invesco Field in Colorodo Essay -- Descriptive Writing Examp

Concert at Invesco Field in ColorodoI drive home been to very memorable luffs in my life, such as the Vietnam Wall and the White House but nothing compares to the Summer Sanitarium concert in Denver, carbon monoxide at Invesco Field. This concert was a tour put on by Metallica, Limp Bizkit, Linkin Park, Deftones, and Mudvayne. Invesco Field at Mile High is the newly installed orbit in Denver after they got rid of the old stadium. All of the Denver Bronco home games are put on here. I would have to say that this place is the almost memorable place I have ever been too in my life. It was near 1100 on a Saturday morning when I dictum the stadium that was hosting the greatest concert of all time. The stadium had an interesting architecture such in that the top of the stadium had rolling curves as if it was a rolling coaster ride. The top was pearl white that had a shine to it from a distance. When we pulled into the parking lot, which looked like was vertical newly paved with as phalt, the stadium was much bigger than I had imagined. Immediately I noticed that white glittering bronco from the old Mile High Stadium was put up standing in gross(a) view of everyone. I could see cars parked in parking lot as far as the eye could see. As I began to walk toward the stadium there were people beginning to line up at all the gates leading into the newly built stadium.When we reached the stadium the dark blue shirts, the gage guards were wearing had to search me before I entered the most popular place to be in Denver. Once we passed security and went through the dazzling green gate, I finally realized I was in the stadium. We walked up to the second level, which is also known as the Club Level. When we entered the glittering glass doors of the le... ... smokers that make my stomach break down queasy from the smell. The smell was like burning weeds and I also could smell the alcohol in the air from the people a row above me. Right when I noticed the smell of the alcohol they spilled it all over my friend, some little kid, who was in the row in front of me, and me. At the very end of the concert fireworks of blue, white, and purple lit the sky making the whole crowd cheer uncontrollably.Invesco Field at Mile High in Denver, atomic number 27 has been one of the most memorable places. I have ever had the privilege of being. After seeing the concert I could not believe I just witnessed Metallica and Linkin Park let alone be in the new stadium of Denver, Colorado. Having been to Washington, D.C. seeing the Vietnam Wall and Lincoln Memorial was quite memorable but the most memorable place I have ever been to was Invesco Field.

Crossover Fashion Essay -- essays research papers

Mens Fashion for Women and Vice VersaCivilizations as ancient as Jericho and as widespread as the Roman Empire have used clothing and jewelry as a form of nonverbal communication to indicate specific occupation, rank, gender, class, wealth, and group affiliation. These same material goods are used today for similar modes of communication. While some modern societies like the Taliban in Afghanistan make such distinctions with design conformity (the Taliban of Afghanistan) others like America have proven to be more dynamic. This dynamic nature can be seen in the emergence of crossover panache within the last 80 years which has correlated with the changing role and social status of women in society. The effect of the gradual increase of power for women during the industrial Revolution could be seen in the increase of crossover fashion. As a result, crossover fashion is dominate and socially accep plank in todays society. From the 1700s through the Industrial Revolution, regulating f ashion was deemed as a way of preserving social and gender distinctions that were firmly established in the predominantly ancient society. During the 1850s, the Victorian Era, there were strict guidelines on how people could behave and dress, and behaviors that they had to conform to their everyday lives. The rules were so strict that there were codes for how certain inanimate objects should be displayed for example, table covers had to be long enough to cover the tables legs because soci...

Economy Shipping Company :: Business Management Finances Essays

Economy Shipping CompanyIt is recommended that Economy Shipping Company (ESC) replace thesteamboat, Cynthia, with a unexampled diesel powered boat. The analysis assumed no operating cost in 1950. Although ESC waspresumably still in service during this analysis, the costs associatedwith the project evaluation were not accounted for until 1951. It wasalso implicit in the NPV calculations that any upgrade requiredsubsequent to 1950 could be performed without any interruption to thedaily operations and were performed at the beginning of the year. Therefore, the fireman upgrade and the engine replacements wereconsidered on Jan 1st of the intended year and did not require anydownmagazine for the installation. The evaluation considered four different scenarios1. Rehabilitation of Cynthia with the stoker metempsychosis occurring in 19502. Rehabilitation of Cynthia with the stoker conversion occurring in 1952 3. Purchase of a overbold diesel-powered boat with 2 shifts, 12-hour worki ng day4. Purchase of a new diesel-powered boat with 3 shifts, 8-hour working daySince ESC was considering other projects with a rate of return of 10%,each of the above options were considered using the same rate ofreturn. The accompany?s balance sheet suggests that management was veryconservative. The debt-to-equity ratio in 1950 was 0.075, indicatingthat the company could easily borrow at the going rate of 3% without disquietude of bankruptcy. Moreover, the company had sufficient funds topurchase four new diesel-powered boats. Overall, ECS was in a verystrong position to quickly upgrade their fleet and clear any advantagethat may come with the new diesel-powered boats. The influence of the union to change the working hours for the crewmembers is noteworthy in this analysis. If the union succeeded, thesteamboats would not be capable of accommodating the 3-shiftrequirement and therefore be noncompliant with the new regulation. Ifthe new regulation had fines associated for any ves sel not incompliance with the new guidelines, the results for the steamboatscenarios would only get worse. In this case, the diesel-poweredboats could accommodate the anticipated ruling and therefore continueto operate without fear of being unlawful. Another disadvantage against rehabilitating Cynthia was its age. Atthe time of the decision the steamboat had already been in operationfor 23 years. Although, the realizable cost to renovate the steamboatwas already known, the intangible aspect of this alternative was thestatus of the boat erstwhile refurbished. It should be noted that withany overhaul, there are still aspects to the boat that will remain?old? and will eventually fail. The maintenance and repairs listed in

Economy Shipping Company :: Business Management Finances Essays

Economy Shipping Comp anyIt is recommended that Economy Shipping Company (ESC) replace thesteamboat, Cynthia, with a new diesel powered boat. The analysis fictitious no operating cost in 1950. Although ESC waspresumably still in service during this analysis, the costs associatedwith the project evaluation were not accounted for until 1951. It wasalso implicit in the NPV calculations that any upgrade requiredsubsequent to 1950 could be performed without any interruption to thedaily operations and were performed at the beginning of the year. Therefore, the fire fighter upgrade and the engine replacements wereconsidered on Jan 1st of the intended year and did not require anydowntime for the installation. The evaluation considered four different scenarios1. Rehabilitation of Cynthia with the stoker conversion occurring in 19502. Rehabilitation of Cynthia with the stoker conversion occurring in 1952 3. Purchase of a new diesel-powered boat with 2 shifts, 12-hour working day4. Pur chase of a new diesel-powered boat with 3 shifts, 8-hour working daySince ESC was considering other projects with a rate of return of 10%,each of the above options were considered using the same rate ofreturn. The company?s balance sheet of paper suggests that management was veryconservative. The debt-to-equity ratio in 1950 was 0.075, indicatingthat the company could easily borrow at the going rate of 3% withoutfear of bankruptcy. Moreover, the company had sufficient gold topurchase four new diesel-powered boats. Overall, ECS was in a verystrong position to quickly upgrade their fleet and gain any advantagethat may come with the new diesel-powered boats. The influence of the union to change the working hours for the crewmembers is noteworthy in this analysis. If the union succeeded, thesteamboats would not be capable of accommodating the 3-shift need and therefore be noncompliant with the new regulation. Ifthe new regulation had fines associated for any vessel not incompliance with the new guidelines, the results for the steamboatscenarios would only get worse. In this case, the diesel-poweredboats could accommodate the anticipated ruling and therefore continueto operate without fear of being unlawful. Another disadvantage against rehabilitating Cynthia was its age. Atthe time of the decision the steamboat had already been in operationfor 23 years. Although, the realizable cost to renovate the steamboatwas already known, the intangible aspect of this alternative was thestatus of the boat once refurbished. It should be noted that withany overhaul, there are still aspects to the boat that will remain?old? and will eventually fail. The maintenance and repairs listed in

Variation Of Acoustics Within A Space Architecture Essay

Concrete would bring forth loud resounding sound whereas rug would absorb sound. A little Dark and loud countless would arouse tenseness in the user where as a infinite meant to portray joy would be big, good lit and have proper acoustical values.Aural architecture plays many important functions in assorted types of infinites such as medical specialtyal, social, navigational, aesthetic and symbolic. In a musical infinite, the echo blends the note sequences into chords. In a societal infinite it changes the distance between people in eating houses. In a navigational infinite it permits traveling through a dark infinite by echo sounding, as an aesthetic infinite it provides a delighting aural texture and as a symbolic infinite it posterior be associated with spiritual signifi crapperce in the context of a infinite such as a cathedral ( Blesser 2009 )The image above shows the shrine of St. Werburg in the Chester Cathedral. This shrine has six deferrals for kneeling pilgrims to put their caputs while praying. This pit amplifies and filters the sound giving the individuals region a dramatic and emotional strength. The reverberations give the aesthesis of beingness in another universe, the elaboration gives the sense of familiarity and the ocular isolation contributes to privateness. Through a insistent use for rites and ceremonials, the ocular and aural belongingss of such objects or geometries push throughhouse get a symbolic significance.In the ocular universe, these would be called icons, and the equivalent of it in the aural universe would be known as an earcon ( Blesser and S bowdlerise,2007 ) . The user get out be cognizant of the enormousness, geometry and stuff of the cathedral by the feeling of the reverberation and re-echo within the infinite. If the stuff used for the cathedral was carpet alternatively of rock, it would be acoustically softened each bit good as the spacial and acoustic dimensions of the architecture will be lost. ( Holl, Pall asmaa and Gomez, 2006 )Aural architectures affect on societal infinites is clearly apparent in figure 2 shown below. When we think of architecture we tend to visualise the belongingss of the infinite that can be seen, specially the boundaries that are constraining us to a limited infinite and curtailing our motion every bit good as our legal rights of entree. On the other manus, aural boundaries are antithetic to ocular boundaries as sound flows through every little gap and cranny.Fig 2. Hogarth s angered instrumentalists. Hogarth portrays the discouragement of a instrumentalist who finds that his private music room and the uproar of the street are in fact a singleA aural infinite.The figure above demonstrates how the sounds from the street flow freely through the undefended window of the house. Hence the street and the room with the unfastened window portion the same aural infinite.Fig 3. Dan Kish s Team Bat taking unreasoning adolescents on a bike driveThe function of aural ar chitecture in navigational infinites is barely of all time recognized except by the unsighted persons who rely on echo sounding to assist them travel around ( fig 3 ) . We are non usually cognizant that we posses the ability to sample spacial properties such as an unfastened window or a wall. However every person has an developing ability to utilize their ears to supplement vision. Potholers can acquire a sense of the countries of the cave that are wholly hidden by listening to the echo and reverberations ( Blesser and Salter,2007 ) . Anyone who has been spellbound by the sound of H2O beads in the darkness of a ruin is a informant to the extraordinary capacity of the ear to carve our volume into the nothingness of darkness ( Holl, Pallasmaa and Gomez, 2006 ) .The acoustic properties of a musical infinite have a important consequence on the temper and behaviour of an person. This consequence is best demonstrated in high touch infinites instead than ordinary infinites. Stockhausen s public presentation of Stimmung in the Jaita caves unspoiled Beirut proves this. The public presentation was on a platform constructed over the abbeys and the earshot was 80 thousand off from the performing artists, unlike in normal concert halls. This allowed the natural acoustics to rule the direct sound. After listening to the public presentation, a Catholic priest said it was one of the longest and happiest supplications he had of all time known.Fig 4. Stockhausen s public presentation of Stimmung in the Jeita Cave near Beirut.The acoustic belongingss of a high impact infinite have a greater and more effectual impact on the temper and emotion of the user than in an ordinary infinite. However one can all remember the acoustic abrasiveness of an inhibited and unfurnished house as apposed to the affableness of a lived place. Juhani Pallasmaa writes, every edifice or infinite has its characteristic sounds of familiarity or monumentality, invitation or rejecting, cordial rece ption or ill will. The map of aural architecture in an aesthetic infinite is similar to adding decorations and texture to our ocular infinites to do them look alone and interesting. In the same mode we can add aural embroideries to alter the acoustics of the environment every bit good. In an experiment done by Eusebio Sempere, where he made a sculpture with unstained steel tubings that rotate at its base. It acts as a sonic filter which filters out passage of certain frequences, therefore the hearer on one side heard a seltzer alteration of the sound geting from the other side. This sculpture is a ocular equivalent of the colored glass prism.Fig 5. Eusebio Sempere s sculpture inA Madrid has alone acoustic belongingss.Architecture is best perceived every bit sound as it leaves a batch to the imaginativeness of the user and it is said that imaginativeness is needed to do sense of perceptual experience. Even though sound is non the dominant medium for comprehending architecture, it is successful in giving individuality to architecture as sound creates an aviation beyond map. In his book Eyes of the Skin, Pallasmaa states that Modern architecture at big has housed the mind and the oculus, but it has left the organic structure and the other senses, every bit good as our memories, imaginativeness and dreams, homeless ( pg 19 ) . You see things and state why? But I dream things that neer were and state why non? UnknownImagination is the ability to organize a mental image of something that is non straight perceived through the senses. It is the ability of the head to organize mental scenes, objects or events that do non be, are non present or have non happened ( Remez Sasson ) . Imagination is non merely limited to seeing images in the head. It includes all the five senses and feelings. One can understand of a sound, gustatory sensation, odor, a physical esthesis a feeling or emotion. It is imagination that makes it possible to see a whole universe inside the head . It gives us the ability to look at any state of affairs from a different point of position. It has a really of import function and value in an person s life and is non simply merely woolgathering. Every person possesses some ability to conceive of, but in some it may be developed more than others. We all use it, consciously or unconsciously, in our day-to-day life whether it is to read, compose, be after a party or a trip, to depict an event, to state or narrative, or merely merely giving waies to acquire to a specific finish. The originative power of imaginativeness is needed to live up to success in any field, and some persons have a greater imaginativeness than others. It is a power beyond originative visual image, positive vista and avowals ( Remez Sasson ) . Basically, imaginativeness is the power of doing something up in one s caput. Perception depends on the world-wide position of a individual and imaginativeness is needed to do sense of these perceptual experiences.Make you prefer your ain dreams or person else s? How about your ain phantasies or person else s? ( Anthony Megna ) . This is the really ground why many persons prefer reading a book in comparing to watching a film, as the film is person else s position and non their ain. The security guard has no power to conceive of the characters, topographic points or the events of the narrative as everything can be seen. Alternatively, when reading a novel, the reader has the chance to put out their ain readings of the narrative and has the power to conceive of the characters, topographic points and incidents in the narrative as he/she wants. Hence reading a book leaves one with a greater capacity to conceive of than watching a film, which is person else s fiction. Whenever I start reading a book I ever puzzle up with how I think a character should look or sound, so when versions come out and there is eventually a face and voice to the character and it is different than the 1 in my caput, it can be hard for me to accept says Lauren, a Harry Potter fan. By and large when comparing a film to a book, the book wins the lucifer because with a book, one can acquire more information, more scenes and a better

Malayan Campaign – the Matador Plan

MALAYAN CAMPAIGN THE MATADOR PLAN INTRODUCTION Unfortunately, it has come to this, that either Japan must stop her expansion, or Eng bring in must willingly give up nearly of what she has or hopes to im reference. Therein lies a cause for fight. Lt Cdr Tota Ishimaru, Imperial Nipp nonpareil and only(a)se navy blue 1. The fall of Malaya and Singapore to the eliminate of the Nipp superstarse is a trem stopous sign that showed the failure of execution Matador. In this battle study, on that point are chronology of eveningts that will guide us very almost in knowing and understanding the reason why this operation failed to visualise its objectives.In doing the research on the background of the battle of Malaya and the relativity to the Operation Matador, our syndicate members came across a reference to a jut give away of action for the defense mechanism of Singapore codenamed Matador. In fact there were two confines, so bely divers(prenominal), that in the destroy they contributed to the downfall of Singapore. Both had their weaknesses and one of the major ones was the lack of co-ordination and com com blotd amidst the the States, Navy and aviation Force. The different and more serious was a clash of ideals.The drawn-up broadcast was Land establish Matador and Sea Based Matador. 2. From the research do, Operation Matador is non the sole reason for the fall of Malaya or even Singapore, besides there is some other reasons that had been identified as a contributing factor as comfortably. This has been discussed in detail under the chromatography column of Battle Analysis. An examine on the lesson wise(p) from this battle study would benefit the most as it focuses more on principles of fight that will teaches us how, why, when and where it is applic qualified for an action plan contributen at one time.AIM 3. This paper will examine two main part of the whole study on Matador visualize. The first part is to analyze the incidents that occur former and upon the operation called The Matador externalise. Secondly, it is fundamentals to determine the lessons learnt and the effects on both forces. OBJECTIVE 4. The main objective of this battle study is to meet the requirement of the EOBC serial 28/2006 and secondly is to learn and adapt the knowledge of the war history generally on the Malaysian Campaign and specifically the Matador Plan.In this way the young officers would be able to use battle study as a comparison between previous and present state of battle warfare in order to meet each circumstances and conclusion makes in the near future. SCOPE 5. Scope of discussions are as follow a. Background. 1)Pre-war examination. 2)Forces involved. 3)The Attack. b. Matador Plan. 1)Land Based Matador 2)Sea Based Matador c. Chronology of events. d. Analysis on factors and effects. e. tactical aspects applied. g. Lesson Learnt. h.Conclusion. BATTLE BACKGROUND PRE-WAR EXAMINATION 6. Before we look further into the Matador Plan, the fundamental or the main causes that inflict the war in Malaya should be given a consideration as it may be very useful in understanding the battle study. The battle in Malaya was a conflict between British Commonwealth forces, comprised of British, Indian, Australian and Malayan units, and the Imperial Nipponese Army from celestial latitude 8, 1941 until January 31, 1942 during the Second World warfare.Prior the attack by th Japanese forces, the British g everywherenments plans relied in the main on the stationing of a strong fleet at the Singapore Naval Base in the event of any enemy hostility, both to defend Britains utmost eastwardern possessions and the route to Australia. At this time tension mounted in the region folowing the outbreak of the European war and the French in Indo-China clashed with the Thais. The Japanese shamble use of this as an oppurtunity with the increase on aggression over the region as well. 7.Upon the completion of the Singapore Naval Base and dividing linefields on Singapore Island with other constructions on the Malayan Peninsula was underway, it was decided by the Air Ministry in London that was a right time to provide a fighter force for the area, even though few could be spared from the defence of Britain and her offensive in the Middle due east. However, a threat to British and American possessions in the area was not considered to be imminent, as revealed in a letter from Prime Minister Churchill to US President Roosevelt, dated 15 February 1941 I do not myself think that the Japanese would likely to send the sizable military expedition necessary to lay seige to Singapore. The Japanese would no doubt occupy whatever strategical points and oilfields in the Dutch East Indies and thereabouts that they covet, and thus get a far better position for a full-scale attack on Singapore later on. They would to a fault raid Australian and New Zealand ports and coasts, causing deep anxiety in those Dominions, which had already sent all their best trained fighting men to the distant East. 8.In October 1940, Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham was appointed restrainer-in-Chief Far East, and the G. H. Q. Far East opened at Singapore on the 18th November, 1940. The Commander-in-Chief was responsible for the useable control and direction of t rain down of British land and behavior forces in Malaya, Burma and Hong Kong, and for the co-ordination of plans for the defence of these territories. It also includes the control and nurture of British air forces in Ceylon and of reconnaissance mission squadrons in the Indian Ocean and Bay of Bengal.His headquarters was an operational one, not administrative, and had no control over any naval forces. So Brook-Popham the man in charge on the spot had little control over the immediate military emplacement. Also just as important, he had no authority over the Civilian population in case of an impending war. This came under the direct control of Shento nThomas the governor of Singapore, and to all intents and purposes he had absolute control. The only asylum Brook-Popham had to any control of the forces was directly to the Chiefs of Staff in London. FORCES INVOLVED 9.In November 1940, the army strength in Malaya was 17 battalions, with 1 mountain regiment of artillery. Reliance for the defence of the Far East was to be placed on air military force until the fleet was available but it was the Governments policy to avoid war with Japan. The strength of the air forces in Malaya in November 1940, however, was only 88 first-line aircraft, of which only 48 could be counted as modern. The previous month, the Singapore Conference had recommended a strength of 582 aircraft for the Far East but it was admitted that this was an ideal, and far beyond the bounds of practical possibility.In May 1941, Lieutenant-General A. E. Percival had been appointed General Officer Commanding, Malaya Command, and with it a motley collection of 85 000 Brit ish, Australian, Indian and Malayan troops. 10. When in July 1941, the Japanese spread into southwesterlyern Indo-China, the potential danger to Malaya and Burma increased, as the fly the coop gave them a naval base within 750 miles of Singapore and field of views only ccc miles from Kota Bharu, the nearest point in Malaya. By the latter part of November, 1941, information accumulated which showed that an early Japanese attack was likely, despite the negotiations in progress in Washington.Both land and air reinforcements had been reaching Malaya, and by 7th December, the eve of the Japanese attack, there were 158 first-line aircraft available, with 88 in reserve the land forces counted 31 infantry battalions, addition the equivalent of 10 volunteer battalions with some artillery, engineers, and a small armoured car unit, and 5 battalions of Indian States forces, with 7 field regiments 1 mountain regiment, 2 anti-tank regiments, 4 coast defence regiments and five anti-aircraft reg iments of artillery and 10 field and 3 fortress companies of engineers a total strength of close on 85,000 men.Almost one quarter of them were British, about one-sixth Australians, nearly one-half Indian Army, and the remainder local forces. 11. eve then, the R. A. F. Far East Command was not in a position to fulfill its responsibility of being the primary means of remain firming Japanese aggression, while the Army strength was far short of what was required to compensate for the insufficiency in aircraft. There were only two-thirds the number of infantry required, no tanks and few armoured cars, and the lack of mobile anti-aircraft guns was serious.The Japanese Order of Battle remains idempotent throughout the course of the Champaign. The Japanese 25th Army consisted of 36,000 men plus air power, naval support and artillery support from the mainland, plus 100 tanks. Even though the Japanese soldiers were not as many compared the British forces they were significantly superior in close air support, armour, co-ordination, tactics and experience, with the Japanese units having fought in China.The Japanese had slightly fewer aircraft, their fighter aircraft were generally superior and achieved air superiority. THE ATTACK 12. Earlier the British had plans in place to forestall Japanese landings in southern Thailand but Air Chief Marshal Sir Robert Brooke-Popham, the Commander-in-Chief of the British Far East Command refused permission to found Operation Matador and Operation Krohcol in advance of the Japanese attack, not wishing to run any risk of provoking the coming war. 13.Incredibly, as late as 29 September 1941, it was still believed by British military and civilian channelizeers in the Far East that Japan was committed to concentrating forces against the Soviet Union, and it was therefore improbable, so it was argued, that she would at the same time take on Britain, the United States and the Netherlands. By mid-November 1941 the official assessment w as that war would not come until March 1942. The Japanese decided otherwise. Now the Japanese has really been on an invasion plan to attack the Malayan Peninsula and take over Singapore with a well planned tactics and operation. 4. On 7 December 1941, a British Hudson reconnaissance aircraft spotted Japanese naval vessels 100 miles/160 Km north-east of Singora with others steaming towards Patani. Despite this clear act of war by Japan, Operation Matador was not fully launched. Even so, the advance to The Ledge could, and should, micturate been immediately ordered. This was not done. As a result, an invaluable twenty four hours was unconnected during which time the Japanese forces landed and the British lost a most valuable opportunity.If they had held The Ledge, the invasion could have been delayed even though the landings could not have been prevented. 15. On the next day it was reported that Japanese troops were attempting to land at Kota Bharu and at the same time Singapore su ffered its first air raid. War had come to Malaya. On 8 December the Japanese attacked the British air bases in Malaya with the devastating result that by the end of the day a unsullied 50 British aircraft were operational, the rest being finished. Those still operational were immediately ordered back to Singapore.Thus, on the first day of the attack Japan obtained total air supremacy over Nothern Malaya. The naval Force Z, consisting of the battleships HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse, together with four destroyers, and commanded by Admiral Tom Phillips had arrived right before the outbreak of hostilities. Later the Japanese came to realised the presence of the battleships and its marching to the Northern Malaya. Two days later, on 10 December, the battleship Prince of Wales and the battle cruiser Repulse, the only Royal Navy slap-up ships in the Far East, were sunk by Japanese torpedo-bombers off Kuantan. 16.The negative effect of the sinking of the Prince of Wales on Briti sh morale throughout the world was serious, with a concomitant boost to Japanese morale. By this single stroke Japan gained complete naval command of the South China and Java Seas and a large part of the Indian Ocean by leaving the east coast of Malaya exposed and allowing the Japanese to continue their landings. The drift to war by the Japanese met its objectives by the invasion of the Malayan Peninsula subsequently the Singapore Island. MATADOR PLAN 17. What is Matador Plan? What is the relativity of the drawn up plan is all about to this study?Matador Plan is a plan of action for the defence of Singapore. The two plans were totally different, that in the end they contributed to the downfall of Singapore. Both had their weaknesses. One of the major ones was the lack of co-ordination and command between the Army, Navy and Air Force. The other and more serious is the clash of ideals. The first one a Naval plan by Churchill, the other a Land based plan by Brook-Popham. Now I will out line both plans for a thorough understanding. The Land Based Matador 18. History of Malaya War shows that Brook-Popham was the man on the spot who could evaluate a more accurate assessment of the needs.His plan was a land based Matador. This was a plan of action that envisaged an attack by the Japanese from the North of Malaya via Thailand and the Kara Isthmus. It was drawn up by Brook-Popham, in August 1941 and he submitted his plan to London for approval. It is believed that if the plan was implemented at the right time, it mayhap could have delayed the Japanese abundant enough to allow the British forces stationed in Malaya and Singapore to mount a delaying action until reinforcements arrived. 19. Land Based Matador relied on as centerfieldption that the Japanese would land on the east coast of Thailand at two points that of Songkhla and Pattani.The next would be advancing south to Jitra and lower down to Kroh. It was envisaged in Matador that two forces could intercept them jus t over the boarder in Thailand, thus allowing long enough for the main force to assemble and attack. There was only one problem, if the British were to implement this without the Japanese being at war with Thailand first, it would be seen as an attack by the British on a neutral country. To mystify matters further Sir Josiah Cosby the British Ambassador in Siam the previous course of study 1940 had signed a non-aggression pact with Pibul the President of Thailand.Requests by Brook-Popham to London for additional resources to cover this Plan were made around January 1941, but remained unfulfilled. This plan was considered a good plan and consequently it also had its problem due to unavoidable consequences. The main obstacle was one of them being Churchill. It is known thatChurchill had distrust of it lay in the political aspects and at the same time he also favoured being a naval man with a naval solution wherein the plan was mainly a Land Based Matador. The Sea Based Matador 20.Th e Sea Based Matador referred on the need of resources especially the battle ships to defend the Singapore Island. In duff Coopers report of the Defence of Singapore in 1939 it was stated that no less than 8 war ships would be needed to defend Fortress Singapore. Churchill was not in the business of land forces at the time, he was First Lord of the Admiraltyas such was fighting for his part in any forthcoming action. Churchill had been told of the situation of what he later proclaimed in Parliament as, Fortress Singapore and its armaments.He proclaimed that It had several big guns and there were a lot of troops on a island that he had never seen, but not enough in the way of Navy. 21. At Duff Coopers conference of the 29th September 1941 in Singapore, it was stated that at the least Two Battleships would be needed as a minimum. Those attended the meeting were Sir Robert Brook-Popham, Sir Earl Page, Sir Archibald Clark-Kerr, Sir Shenton Thomas, Governor of Singapore and Vice-Admiral S ir Geoffrey Layton. Once Churchill became the Prime Minister he held the final decision. But what Churchill sent and eventually happened, was a cobbled result. The Prince of Wales and Repulse that turned up with escorts called Force Z. It was a disaster for the British upon the sinking of the two main battle ships. CHRONOLOGY OF EVENTS 22. The chronology of events that involved along the path of Matador Plan implementation are as follows. a. In year 1937. Major-General William Dobbie Officer Commanding Malaya (1935 1939), looked at Malayas defences, he reported that during the monsoon season from October to March landings could be made by an enemy on the east coast and bases could be established in Siam.He predicted that landings could be made at Songkhla and Pattani in Siam, Thailand and Kota Bharu in Malaya. He recommended large reinforcements to be sent immediately. His predictions turned out to be right(a) but his recommendations were ignored. b. In January 1941. A request for additional resources remained unfulfilled which the plan intended to use and the previous year in 1940 Sir Josiah Cosby the British Ambassador in Siam, had signed a non-aggression pact with Prime Minister Pibul of Siam. c. In August 1941.The Commander-in-Chief (Cin C) of British Far East Command Air Chief Marshal Robert Brooke-Popham submitted a plan code named Matador to London for approval. The plan relied on assumption that the Japanese would land on the east coast of Siam at Songkhla and Pattani, then advancing south to Jitra and lower down to Kroh. It was envisaged that two forces could intercept them just over the border in Thailand, long enough for the main force to assemble and attack. d. On November 29, 1941. Air Headquarters at Singapore is warned to be ready to support Operation Matador at 12 hours notice. e. On November 30, 1941.The Commanding Officer of the Japanese 25th Di hatful, Lieutenant-General Tomoyuki Yamashita, receives orders to hold with the invasion of Sing apore. At the same time 21 Squadron RAAF is based at Sungei Patani. f. On December 2, 1941. HMS Prince of Wales and HMS Repulse arrive at Singapore Harbour escorted by a number of ships including HMAS Vampire. g. On December 4, 1941. The Japanese fleet leaves Samah Harbour at dawn. h. On December 5, 1941. When the threat of Japanese invasion became more likely, the plan was modified to use the forces available, it was to be put into action as soon as an attack was imminent.The plan was that if an enemy attacked, or were invited into, Siam, troops under British command would rush to Songkhla and defend it against a sea borne attack. This job was allocated to Major-General Murray-Lyons Indian 11th metrical foot Division who also had to defend Jitra, this over stretched his resources and made it a difficult task to do. i. On December 5, 1941. London gave permission for Cin C Far East Command to decide if Operation Matador should be activated. The chief strategic decision to be decided was whether Siam should be invaded in a pre-emptive move before the Japanese landings took place.Sir Robert Brooke-Popham was ordered to launch Operation Matador. The Malaya Command was responsible for the critical planning of Operation Matador. j. On December 6, 1941. It had reworked the plan and allocated forces for immediate deployment. Which is what General Officer Commanding Malaya Arthur Percival recommended that evening in meeting with the Governor Sir Shenton Thomas and Cin C Brooke-Popham decided it is premature to launch the operation which included the pre-emptive move into Siam. With hind sight this was the wrong decision. 23.However, if Matador had been implemented the Japanese had a counter worked out. They would use the capital of Thailand airport and the airfields of Southern Siam to enable air cover to be established, and then invade from the Kra Isthmus. TACTICAL ASPECTS APPLIED 24. There were a lot of differences between British prediction and certain location of the Japanese landings in Malaya Peninsula. For detail, refer to figure 1 and figure 2 in appendix. The Red dot on the map is where the fit sighting of the approaching Japanese armada was on the 6th December at approx 12. 30am by British RAF spotter planes.And the Orange dot on the map the presumed British and actual Japanese meeting place of the Japanese fleet on the 7th December 1941. The real Japanese meeting place was just 200 miles from Songkhla, Pattani and Kota Bharu, the sour meeting place by Brook-Popham was some 400 miles, double the distance and of course double the time. In the event the Japanese landed at, Prachoup 1 craft, Chumphon 2 craft, Bandon 2 craft, Nakhon 3 craft, Songkla and Pattani 18 craft andKota Bharu 3 craft. 25. The Japanese had forestalled the effect of Matador by having a secondary plan.In the event if Matador was implemented, the Japanese were under the orders to occupy the airfield of Bangkok and the airfields of Southern Thailand to enable air c over to be established, thus paving the way for the invasion from the Kara Isthmus and the inevitable fall of Singapore. It shows the invader is sincerely tactical enough to apply the secondary plan if the primary met with failure. It was the combination of confused action and wildly differing approaches to what was perceived as the enemies tactics that eventually lead to the fiasco of Malaya and Fortress Singapore.Beside, the Japanese also use blitzkrieg tactics that was used by the Germans during Europe Campaign. BATTLE ANALYSIS ANALYSIS ON FACTORS AND effects 26. The Matador plan can be analyzed from several factors which concluded to its failure. The factors identified are as follows a. want of Resources. The Matador plan relied on assumption that the Japanese would land on the east coast of Siam at Songkhla and Pattani, then advancing south to Jitra and lower down to Kroh.British forces could intercept them just over the border in Thailand, long enough for the main force to assemble and attack. But the plan was modified to use the forces available and it was to be put into action as soon as an attack was imminent. If an enemy attacked, or were invited into Siam, troops under British command would rush to Songkhla and defend it against a sea borne attack. This job was allocated to Major-General Murray-Lyons of Indian 11th Infantry Division who also had to defend Jitra, this has over stretched his resources and made it a difficult task to do.Beside, in the absence of the main fleets, RAF was fully responsible to carry out its task effectively in defence, it was estimated that it required a minimum of 336 modern aircraft including a long range striking force. At the outbreak of hostilities it had a mere 158, most of which were obsolescent. The lack of resources and the assign of multiple tasks at one time by the British made them facing more difficulties in defending its position against the Japanese. b. Non-strategic defence position.The decision to defe nd the Singapore base by holding the whole of Malaya meant that in the absence of the fleet the task fell primarily on the RAF. Because of the key role allotted to the air force it was decided that the primary task of the army was to defend the airfields from which the RAF operated. These airfields had been built without reference to the military but or else to suit civilian requirements. From a military viewpoint they were located too close to the coast and too close to the border of Siam to be effectively defended. c. fourth dimension Window.Matador was approved late for the plan to succeed. For Operation Matador to succeed, time was of the absolute essence. British forces had to be in Singora before the Japanese landed. However, as Britain attempted to the very end to avoid war with Japan, the military were forbidden to violate Siamese territory until an actual outbreak of war. With such a constraint, and time being of the essence, Operation Matador should have been abandoned. d. Command and Control. Earlier on December 5, 1941, London gave permission for Cin C the Far East Command to decide if Operation Matador should be activated.The strategic decision to be decided was whether Siam should be invaded in a pre-emptive move before the Japanese landings took place. The Malaya Command was responsible for the detailed planning of Operation Matador and on December 6, 1941 it had reworked the plan and allocated forces for immediate deployment. General Officer Commanding Malaya Arthur Percival recommended in meeting with the Governor of Singapore Sir Shenton Thomas and Cin C Brooke-Popham decided it is premature to launch the operation which included the pre-emptive move into Siam. e. Political Aspects.British do not want to be the first nation to trespass the non alliance of Thailand in the war and will not approved matador planned until there is solid evidence that shows that the Japanese is up to move to Thailand territory. To forestall the anticipated Japan ese invasion the British High Command evolved a plan to seize the Siamese port of Singora which is Operation Matador and to delay the anticipated Japanese advance from Patani by holding a position called The Ledge. This plan required crossing the international frontier into Siam thus making Britain guilty of violating official Siamese neutrality.In the year 1940 Sir Josiah Cosby the British Ambassador in Siam, had signed a non-aggression pact with Prime Minister Pibul of Siam. f. Lack of Importance. Under the command of Jen AE Percival, there were some 8 calciferol0 British, Australian, Indian and Malayan troops. However some of the problems associated with this force included unworthy quality officers, poor training, especially in jungle warfare, lack of civilian labour to construct defences and lack of homogeny. g. The Blame. The blame of Matador Plan failure cannot only be pointed to General Percival because the launch of the plan must be approved from Churchill in London.He mus t have disliked it so much and there werent any reference to it in Churchills memoirs as well. He seems to have conveniently forgotten all about it. Churchills distrust of it lay in the political aspects, he also favoured being First Lord of the Admiralty a naval man, a naval solution thus the sea based matador were developed. h. Operation Theatre Priorities. The Matador Plan was stalled repeatedly by Churchill, who wanted the scarce resources of aeroplanes, troops and other equipment diverted to his other priority areas, such as the Middle East and Russia.Britains defence, the Middle East and the Soviet Union had all received higher priorities in the allocation of men and material, so the desired air force strength of 300 to 500 aircraft was never reached whereas the Japanese invaded with over two hundred tanks, the British Army in Malaya did not have a single one. i. The Wrong Assessment. Other than that, the war in the Middle East, the worlds oil pipeline and gateway to India, wa s not going well. At the same time, Russian vulnerability added to the complexities of the situation.In 1941, Churchill delivered 440 aircraft to Russia. He also diverted an blameless division, which was bound for Singapore, the 7th Australian Division, to the Middle East and one brigade of the 9th Indian Division to Iraq. Churchill estimate, Japan will not enter the war unless the Germans had invaded Britain successfully. j. Lack of Intelligence. British intelligence had failed in providing the real assessment of Japanese assault lan on Malaya. As a result the British had failed to provide an fitted force and resources to meet the Japanese thrust.LESSON LEARNT 27. In the final analysis, it was a British failure to adhere to the principles of war in the implementation of the Matador Plan and the Japanese vision and motivation that led to the defeat of the British in the Malayan Campaign. a. Selection and The Maintenance Of The Aim. British has made the wrong decision making on the aspects of strategic defence plan of Malaya rather than knowing and understanding the Japanese strategic plan to conquer Malaya and Singapore. Japanese intentions are as follows )Japan maybe to conquer Singora and Patani as habour to seize the important air field at Kedah and then move to North West of Malaya. 2)Landed at Kota Bharu to take over the air field. 3)Landed at Kuantan and move to west over the Kuantan-Raub road or Mersing road for Singapore assault through North of Malaya. Percival was unaware of these intentions and put the little sources to defence the other different area. On the other hand, the British thought that Japan will assault Malaya through Singapore. b. Maintenance Of Morale. The Japan inner strength was very high.All the Japan soldiers had their political theory which is east for east where in their psychology they had to rise with the morale in order to face war difficulties. Japan had all the factors that guaranteed the success with having good war equi pment, efficiency and encouragement. c. Concentration of Force. The British didnt forestalled a large number of forces at the planned or strategic location in order to resist any Japanese landing from the North wherein this was an advantages to the Japanese forces. d. Economy of Effort. The highest Japan Royal Company gave 100 days to conquer Malaya and Singapore.Thinking about the mission, Jen Yamashita gave their order to throw the unnecessary equipment from their soldier and planning to remain a smooth movement from combination of expensive British roads and cheap Japan bicycle. He ordered his soldier that didnt have any vehicle to ride bicycle. This is not just gave the smooth movement but also reduce man power from jungle tracking and walk. e. Surprise. Japan has attack Malayan from North where the British defence was very weak at the enemy aimed position. They attack Malaya in raining season when British not expected the Japan will attack on that time.That situation was entire ly a surprise and a piece of well planned action. f. Offensive Action. Japan launched amphibious assault in north beach Malaya at Kota Bahru to move down into East beach of Malaya. This movement is done by landed at Patani and Singora in Thailand, whereas they move to South through road land to cross Malayan-Thailand borders to attack from west of Malaya. g. Cooperation. Cooperation can be analysed by comparing the both forces and there are 1)Original defence planning on Malaya and Singapore depend on two factors, and it was British Far East Armada and American Pacific Armada.Far East Armada was supposed to have 1 carrier, 7 battleship, 11 cruiser and 24 destroyer was not to send because the strategic situation at Europe and Mediterranean and the effect from France failure. The British had no option rather than to deliver 2 battleships that are Repulse and Prince of Wales, while America Pacific Armada was destroyed at Pearl Habour. It was a fail of cooperation that British had no ch oices to support while Japan easily landed at Malaya. 2)While the Japanese had successfully unified their entire asset including land, sea and air in giving the maximum fire power and maneuver.The cooperation between 3rd div (Air) Commander, Southern Sqn (Sea) Commander with all (Land) Army Chiefs a success to destroyed the British defence position. 25th Army Commander Lt Jen Yamashita had given his authority to coordinate the sea and air asset in order to achieve mui in conquering Malaya and Singapore. h. Security. Beach defence built at Malaya in order to face the Japanese landings, including concertina wire, under water obstacles and machine gun placement were not good enough to give a supreme security and protection for the British.The implication from this, the British suffered a lot of casualties. Japanese also suffered a lot of casualties and this has shown that the British weakness in order to make sure the safety of their soldier itself. i. Flexilibity. To launch the Matad or Plan Percival needed permission from British government in London. British government refused to launch this plan until they have proofs that the Japanese has landed in Thailand. That situation shows that matador plan does not have the flexibility for an execution purposes. CONCLUSION 28.The Matador plan can be analyzed from several factors which conclude to its failure. The factor involves all aspects from the column of battle analysis. Matador was approved late for the plan to succeed. For Operation Matador to succeed, time was of the absolute essence. The delays in mobilization meant that the troops did not receive the order to launch Operation Matador effect, and morale suffered. An attempt by British troops to advance to The Ledge fell six miles 9. 6 km short of its objective when on 10 December 1941 Japanese troops overran the leading battalions.Another disaster, and with it any real chance for British troops to delay the Japanese advance until relief came, occurred on 12 D ecember 1941 when the strategically-located and well-prepared Jitra position was abandoned within twenty four hours of being attacked. 29. The intention of the British had been to hold it for approximately three months. Thus, after the twenty eld of preparation to avoid such an eventuality, the fate of Malaya, and with it Singapore, was sealed in the first four days of the campaign.In the words of Major General Woodburn Kirby, One can sum up by saying that those responsible for the conduct of the land campaign in Malaya committed every conceivable blunder. They underrated the enemy, paid insufficient attention to the training of their troops and delayed taking urgent decisions even after the Japanese had landed on Malayan soil. Singapore and the naval base were lost between 8 and 12 December. Prime Minister of Britain, Churchill and all his decision made during the Malayan Campaign was also considered as a worst decision making in the war campaign ever in the history.Appendix 1 pic Figure 1 This shows what Brook-Popham had assumed happened from the intelligence he had received. pic Figure 2 This is what actually happened from the records of the Japanese BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Cull Brian, Buffaloes Over Singapore, Grub Street, London 2003. 2. Lt Gen AE Percival, The War in Malaya. 3. Sir John Smyth V. C, Percival and The Tragedy of Singapore, 1987. 4. Wikipedia, Battle of Malaya, HTML. 5. Chye Kooi Loong, The British Battalion In The Malayan Campaign 1941-1942, 2002. picpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpicpic

In what ways does Eliza Doolittle change in Pygmalion?

Based on classical myth, Bernard Shaws Pygmalion plays on the complex fuck of human relationships in a sociable world. Phonetics Professor Henry Higgins, tutors the very Cockney, uneducated Eliza Doolittle, not only in the refinement of speech, but also in the refinement of her manner. When the end result produces a very doll same(p) Miss Doolittle, the lessons learned become much more far reaching.Shaw took the title of his play from the known King of Cyprus, Pygmalion, who was also a famous sculptor. Pygmalion sculpted a beautiful woman from ivory, called Galatea, with whom he fell in love. On begging Aphrodite (the Greek goddess of love), to fleet life into his creation, his wish was granted and he married her.Pygmalion is therefore an appropriate title for this play, for Galatea is created from a block of stone, and Eliza herself originates from similarly unpromising beginnings, with Professor Higgins as the Pygmalion character, as it is he who creates a new woman from such raw material.It is Elizas metamorphosis, from downtrodden flower fille to a polished young lady (the highs, the lows, the intense drama and the comic moments) which turn in the basis for Pygmalions well crafted story-line.Elizas AppearanceOur first introduction to Eliza, is in the form of the Act 1 stage channeliseions (page 8), where her demeanor comes under scrutiny by Shaws promising writing. She is described as universe, not at all a romantic figure whose hair packs washing rather badly and whose clothes ar coarse and shoddy.All of this, plants a very vivid picture of Eliza as a lowly, insignificant figure- an some other bleak form on the miserably wet London skyline, which is a far cry from the mental images of her appearance conveyed later, as a cosmopolitan and fashionable young woman who, rather than blanch into insignificance, as she previously did, is quite striking.This is one Elizas major shiftings, -her change in her appearance. It is a major key in the metamo rphosis from flower-girl to lady, and is beautifully executed with the suffice of Mrs Pearces severity on the insistence that cleanliness is vital, -Well, dont you want to be clean and sweet and decent, like a lady? You know you cant be a nice girl inside if youre a dirty slut bug outside, and Prof. Higgins vast funds which kept dressed in the latest fashions.She makes particular impact at the ambassadors garden party, her final test, where she essential be passed of as a duchess, (for a bet). The character of the hostess is clearly very taken with Eliza, and acts as an indication to the endorser (by whom the transformation cannot be witnessed) of the enormity of Elizas change in appearance, with her comments of She exit make a sensation, wonderful young lady and They tell me there has been no affaire like her since people stood on their chairs to look at Mrs Langtry.Elizas StatusMuch of Pygmalion revolves around a very divided class system. The plays theme that a persons succe ss in life should not be dictated and limited by their social class, speech and status, was a belief of Shaws that clearly held a lot of importance for him. This is diaphanous due to his early membership to the Fabian Society- a socialist organisation dedicated to the establishment of an equal and just society for all citizens.Shaws apparently rude and even insulting comments on Elizas initial appearance may seem harsh, however they have very important relevance. The Elizas shabbiness at first not only amplifies the dramatic transformation which results, but also highlights the vast difference between her and Miss and Mrs Eynsford Hill, which conveys to the reader Elizas lower status and class.Eliza herself behaves, as though she is deficient (she is still very polite to Miss Eynsford Hill despite her rudeness in Act 1), however Elizas status, by the plays end has soared from a poor, uneducated Cockney, to a much more hefty young woman. Before her transformation in Act 1, Freddy pushes past Eliza quite abruptly, barely noticing her presence, however later on meeting her in all her finery at Prof. Higgins house (Act III), he is besotted with her. Although Freddy is far from wealthy or aristocratic (Shaw describes the Eynsford Hills as having the air of genteel poverty), to seem respectable enough to be worthy of his attention, to be unrecognisable to Mrs Eynsford Hill and considered fashionable by the previously haughty Miss Eynsford Hill, is quite a vast bounds in status for Eliza, and a credit to her teaching.*Elizas SpeechShaw himself, was a crusader for many changes to be made to the English language, believing it to be in need of great reform. He fought long and difficult battles throughout his life to change the spelling system of the English language, because of his views that it was illogical that most English spelling did not relate to the way words are pronounced.So this is probably one of the reasons he has made language and pronunciation major themes of the play, and as he says in his comprehensive Preface to Pygmalion, made an energetic phonetic enthusiast, the hero of a popular play.Shaw began Elizas speech (in Act I) in a mixture of scripted broken English and phonetic symbols, quite unintelligible to the reader (and as he describes it, unintelligible to anyone outside London). This has a dual purpose, for it clearly targets the reader the distinctiveness of Elizas accent (and the large distance between her kerbstone English and her ambitious aim of being able to speak like a lady in a flower shop). This will not only increase the readers awe at the magnitude of her transformation, but it will also show the amount of work that would have had to go into the transformation (Shaw does not show the many months of tutoring in the play- he just surprises the hearing with Elizas new found eloquence).The other purpose of spelling out Elizas pronunciations is to enhance the element of confusion the scenes of Act I are intende d to evoke from the reader (and no doubt the audience of a staged Pygmalion). The confusion arises in a variety of places the true identity of some characters (the Note Taker, the Daughter, the Gentleman, etc.) and Elizas hysterical confusion when she wrongly accuses the Note Taker (Prof. Higgins) of being a coppers nark (police informant) when a Bystander warns her that someone is writing down her speech.Elizas characterIt seems that confusion follows Eliza relentlessly throughout the beginning of the play, embarrassingly highlighting her uneasiness and ignorance when she finds herself in many unfamiliar situations. Not only is it present in Act I, but it is clear in Act II as well, when she bravely seeks out Prof. Higgins to request elocution lessons. In this scene, Eliza finds herself lost and misunderstanding, -drowned in a sea of complex words and jokes used by everyone around her, leaving her totally bewildered. For example, when Eliza offers Prof. Higgins a bobtail for her l essons, he comments to Colonel Pickering that a shilling in relation to Elizas earnings is about the equivalent of about sixty pounds from a millionaire, which Eliza misunderstands and fearfully thinks is the sum of money she must pay.However, by the end of the play Eliza has gained masses of confidence, which compliments her raw, fiery spirit and gives her the ability to argue her point well and defend herself. For example later in the play, she confronts Higgins on the subject of his insensitivity towards her- ..Im not dirt under your feet. (Page 102) and is no longer prepared to be suppressed by his haughty egotism.There is no doubt that Elizas transformation is a successful one, however, I think something very important to realise about Eliza is that despite the radical changes that take place in the play with her appearance, speech and status, her character still remains as strong-minded, fiery and emotional as it was on that bleak, rainy day in the heart of Londons Covent Gard en. The fact that this is one of the few things that do not change in Eliza, is a huge indication of the tremendous sincerity of her character.Prof. Higgins has created something which is unnatural and out of place in society, with his intensive training of Eliza. Her appearance and behaviour are doll-like, her movement is robot-like and her speech too careful and precise to ever be real. To create the outward appearance of the lady she becomes, Eliza is forced to sacrifice and suppress her own personality, leaving her empty and without any vitality or energy. This is the reason why Eliza clearly strives for a juicy combination of her original vigour and strong-mind, and the new manner and speech of the middle and upper classes introduced to her by Higgins to create a true identity for herself which she is happy with.Higgins, typically for him, claims all the credit for the transformation in Eliza, showing him not only to be big-headed, arrogant and conceited, but to also underval ue Elizas own hard work. You will jolly see whether she has an idea in her head or a word that I havent put into her mouth. I tell you I have created this thing out of the squashed cabbage leaves of Covent Garden (Page 92)I think it is vital for the reader/audience to remember that Eliza and her own character and personality have achieved her transformation. Although, there is no doubt that Eliza would have remained in the gutter if Higgins had not taken her into his home and changed her speech, dressed her fashionably and shown her how the upper classes behave, I personally, resent any direct comparisons between Eliza and her mythical equivalent, Galatea. This is because I think that her initial character had the foundations present for the creation of her new self.Whereas Galatea was created from nothing (a block of ivory) by King Pygmalion,- Prof. Higgins, Colonel Pickering and Mrs Pearce merely compound and remoulded many of the qualities Eliza already possessed to create the e nd result.Without Elizas self discipline, raw talent, commited and swift learning, it would have been impossible to pass her off as a duchess after just a matter of months. I think the way Shaw portrays her as growing more and more confident and independent throughout the play, does well as a message to the reader that Eliza herself, was in a sense, her own creator.I think that Elizas need to liberate herself from Prof. Higggins to become a teacher herself, was more necessary than she herself even knew, for just like Galatea, she could never truly like Prof. Higgins (the equivalent of King Pygmalion) for as Shaw cleverly points out, his relation to her is too godlike to be solely agreeable.Throughout his life, Shaws plays often tended to attack what he felt to be bad elements in society and make his audiences feel uncomfortable with the bitter law of societys flaws. If this is what he intended for Pygmalion, I think he was certainly successful. Pygmalion challenges many of the da maging root elements of society including the segregation of the class system, and the ruthlessness of human nature, themes that or so all of us are guilty of either condoning or ignoring- both of which are detrimental if there is ever to be any kind of social reform.

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Research In Motion (RIM), a globular leader in wireless innovation, revolutionized the mobile industry with the introduction of the blackberry bush solution in 1999. Sinc e then, blackberry bush products and services have continued to change the way millions of people nigh the world stay connected. With the launch of blackberry 10, we have re-designed, re-engineered and re-invented blackberry bush.Not only did we introduce a spic-and-span mobile experience to our global community of BlackBerry users, but we are also introducing a new name for the company. Research In Motion at a time operates globally under the iconic name BlackBerry. incorporate Responsibility Global Growth. BlackBerry is a company driven by ideas. We believe that innovation and coaction will foster sustainable growth for our business. BlackBerry and its subsidiaries and affiliates (BlackBerry) are committed to offering the best tools for communication and social collaboration and working towards minimizing our surroundingsal impact.BlackBerrystrives to act responsibly and expects the same of our partners and suppliers. Corporate Philanthropy BlackBerry BlackBerry seeks to m ake a positive impact in our communities, engaging the talents and resources of our people and partners to dominate the power of technology. BlackBerry strongly believes in the importance of education and works to inspire the next generation of minds, particularly in the areas of science, technology, engineering science and math. Outreach efforts are concentrate on students at public elementary and secondary schools.Proud2Be course of study BlackBerry mounts employee efforts to give back to communities through Proud2Be, a set of internal programs which present several(prenominal) opportunities to support our communities through fundraising drives and volunteerism. Through the Volunteer Recognition Program and the Child and Youth Active Living Program, BlackBerrydonated to 294 organizations more or less the world. Through these programs and a admixture of corporately supported events and activities, employees volunteered more than than 14,800 hours in fiscal 2012. Junior Ach ievement Europe innovation campsAs part of our commitment to furthering science, technology, engineering and math (STEM), BlackBerryhas partnered with JA-YE Europe, Europes largest provider of entrepreneurship education programs. Our partnership has supported the facilitation of one-day STEM innovation camps, which have provided real life technology based business challenges for the students to tackle with our employee volunteers. Over 900 students and 70 employees in Italy, Spain, South Africa, France, Sweden and the UK have all had the chance to participate in these forward-thinking innovation camps.An employee volunteer from Italy explained It was a fantastic experience, seeing how these puppyish people were so engaged and energized. They loved to learn about BlackBerry and were able to use their creative skills to come up with some brilliant innovations. And for me personally, I really enjoyed cosmos able to play my part in helping guide these students and see them gain confid ence and get excited about innovation for the future. lore, technology, engineering and math BlackBerrysuccessfully reached over 1. million students over fiscal 2012 to encourage their interest in (STEM) through programs such as the Canada Wide Science Fair, FIRST Robotics, and the BlackBerry Hands On Workshops (BBHOW) series. The BBHOW program teaches 11 to 17 year olds the science behind mobile technology and explores careers in technology. Fiscal 2012 aphorism the expansion of this program into the U. K. , with employee volunteers delivering workshops to eager students. In all, more than 9,000 students were able to participate in this learning program.BlackBerry and foreswear the Children BlackBerry is chivalrous to partner with and help pass water on Free The Childrens record of local and global youth engagement to take action towards an inspired vision for tomorrow. Free The Children has taken the bizarre nonion of children helping children to affect social change around the world. Its work has resulted in significant changes in two distinct areas, both of which BlackBerry is proud to support. The initial and most direct is access to education.The second is an increased level of awareness and engagement that changes the way the youth who volunteer view themselves and the world around thema mechanism for shaping the leaders of tomorrow. Through domestic empowerment programs and leadership training, Free The Children inspires young people to become socially conscious global citizens as well as agents of change for their peers worldwide. BlackBerry Build A Village Awards Going into its second year, theBlackBerry Build A Village Awardsprogram sent 50 students to India and Kenya in July and August 2012.These students helped provide access to basic needs in the context of Free The Childrens four pillars of community development healthcare, water and sanitisation, education, and alternative incomes. They also had the opportunity to see the development p rojects that last years award recipients completed, including the schools and classrooms that are now open and the water and sanitation stations which are so vital to improving quality of life in Eor Ewuaso, Kenya and Bagad, India. The school that BlackBerry award recipients helped build in Eor Ewuaso was honoured by Free The Children for several academic achievements.More than 1,000 students, teachers and parents attended the award ceremony which celebrated achievements from the previous year. Eor Ewuaso won eight awards, including best school overall. We twenty-four hour period Waterloo The third annualWe Day Waterlootook place on Wednesday, November 14, 2012. Close to 6,000 students from throughout southwestern Ontario came together to experience an event like no other. Free The Children co-founders, motivational speakers, and celebrity guests helped rally these young people to take on leadership functions in their communities.With the help of social strategy consulting firm Mi ssion Measurement, Free The Children was able to capture unprecedented cleverness into the impact of our last We Day Waterloo upon students, educators, and their schools. Highlights include * 97% of students believed they could make a meaningful difference, up from 66% last year * 85% of students felt more educated about social evaluator issues * 96% of students planned to lead or play an active role in a social justice initiative * More than half of the educators in the audience returned to their schools with a renewed sense of purpose and enthusiasm forPublic Policy and Government Relations BlackBerry As one of the worlds leading communications technology companies with customers in more than 175 countries, BlackBerry actively participates in governmental proceedings, industry associations and technology standards bodies. Shaping public policy and engaging in regulatory affairs BlackBerryhelps to drive innovation, shape global policies and promote access to leading-edge technolo gies. BlackBerrypartners with discipline and global organizations and industry bodies around the world to advance the development of wireless technology and mobile communications.In fiscal 2012, BlackBerryparticipated in public consultations across multiple jurisdictions on a range of issues including spectrum, privacy, security, convergence, accessibility, intellectual property, and other issues. Lawful access Lawful access is a request by study or international law enforcement authorities to telecom carriers or technology suppliers for access to user communications for the purposes of law enforcement, investigation or prosecution as duly pass along under the laws of a jurisdiction.A common requirement around the world, lawful access may be required for reasons such as investigating, solving or prosecuting crime, or for ensuring national security. Like others in our industry, from time to time, BlackBerry may receive requests from legal authorities for lawful access assistance. We are guided by tolerate legal processes and publicly disclosed lawful access principles in this regard, as we balance any such requests against our priority of maintaining privacy rights of our users. We do not contrive or comment upon individual matters of lawful access.Additionally, BlackBerrydoes not provide special deals for individual countries, and we clearly stipulate that BlackBerryhas no ability to support the access of BlackBerry Enterprise Server (BES) communications as only our enterprise clients have control over the encryption keys for these communications. BlackBerryis committed to ope evaluation its business in accordance with recognized industry standards of business and social responsibility in the markets we serve. BlackBerrywill continue to evaluate the markets in which we operate, we will engage and express our views to government and we will continue to operate in a principled manner. experience about BlackBerry lawful access principles field of study fi ltering Content filtering refers to the ability to remove access to inappropriate and/or illegal Internetbased content. While often applied in the home or in a business to screen inappropriate content such as malware or pornography, content filtering requirements are generally established by national governments or voluntarily in many countries by Internet service providers, including telecom carriers. BlackBerryis not an Internet service provider.Like our competitors, we support our carrier partners around the world to meet their obligations or commitments by working with them to ensure the availability of appropriate content filtering solutions for BlackBerry smartphones. Child online safety and trade protection Online safety and the protection of children and young people in the mobile environment are especially important to BlackBerry. For BlackBerry smartphone and BlackBerry PlayBook tablet applications, BlackBerry conception offers content rating and filtering options based on the CTIA Wireless AssociationsGuidelines for App Content Classification and Ratings.This feature enables parents to set a rating filter in BlackBerry Worldto restrict content of specified ratings from being displayed or purchased. In addition, BlackBerryintroduced new parental control features that give parents the ability to control and restrict their childrens use of various services and applications on BlackBerry smartphones, such as browsing, text messaging, BlackBerry Messenger and access to social networks. Furthermore, BlackBerryand other leading companies have conjugate the CEO Coalition to make the Internet a better place for kids, which is a voluntary initiative esigned to respond to challenges arising from the various(a) ways in which young people go online. Product Sustainability BlackBerry Creating products with the earth in mind BlackBerry is always on the lookout for sustainable innovations that meet the needs of the present without compromising the future. Our c ommitment to simplification our environmental impact is visible throughout the life steering wheel of our productsfrom initial concept to final delivery. Improving product sustainabilityIn fiscal 2012,BlackBerry worked with experienced sustainability consultants to conduct in-depth, baseline assessments of our sustainability policies, programs and product development activities. The Natural Step, an international non-profit research and advisory organization, conducted a Sustainability Life Cycle Assessment (SLCA). The SLCA provided a strategic overview of the sustainability of our products, highlighting the ecological and social impacts of current products throughout their life cycle.To further assess the impact of our products,BlackBerry worked with Five Winds International, an experienced sustainability management consulting firm, to conduct all-inclusive Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies on the BlackBerry Torch 9810 smartphone and the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet. The assessmen t provided an in-depth view of each products environmental impacts at every(prenominal) stage in its life cycle, from the materials apply in the product, to production and distribution, to its use, and for the end of its useful life.Together, the SLCA and the LCA equipBlackBerry with breeding to help focus our efforts on reducing our overall environmental impact. * Learn more about LCA * Sustainable at the source Sustainable sourcing, conflict-free minerals and higher recycled content all play a role in the development of our products. 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Learn more about energy efficiency * BlackBerry recycling BlackBerryoffers a variety of options for customers to responsibly dispose of BlackBerry devices that have reached the end of their useful life. Learn more about BlackBerry recycling Responsibility at BlackBerry BlackBerry BlackBerry is committed to global sustainability by improving the economic, social and environmental impacts of our day-to-day operations. BlackBerry police squads implement programs across the organization to identify, execute and measu re sustainable initiatives.Contact the BlackBerry Corporate Responsibility team 2012 Corporate Responsibility Report Download(PDF) Corporate governance Learn about corporate governance at BlackBerry (BlackBerry Code of Business Standards and Principles, information regarding the Board of Directors and more) Corporate snow footprint Learn about BlackBerrys initiatives to reduce our corporate carbon footprint * Learn about BlackBerrys participation in the Carbon Disclosure Project * Learn about climate change initiatives * Learn about BlackBerry greenhouse suck initiatives * * Corporate operations BlackBerry is committed to reducing the environmental impact of our operations. * Energy Efficient Buildings * New data center built to green standards * kelvin IT * Waste diversion * Paper recycling * Paper procurement * View the BlackBerry Paper Procurement Policy(PDF) * ISO 14001 Environmental Management System * The wireless handheld manufacture and repair services operations in Ontar io are certified to the ISO 14001 standard. In fiscal 2013, BlackBerry will continue the process of expanding the range of a function of our certification to include research and development activities. Learn more about the BlackBerry ISO 14001 program Recognition by others BlackBery strives to create the best work environment for employees through a variety of programs. We are proud to have these efforts recognized by others. * 2012 Waterloo Region Top Employer * 2012 Canadas Top 100 Employers for Young citizenry * Randstad Canadas Most Attractive Employer 2011 * Philanthropic and Community Leadership Award, Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce * Community Outreach Award, Rolling Meadows Chamber of Commerce * Outstanding Corporate Chamber Partner of the Year Award, Greater IrvingLas Colinas Chamber of Commerce Finding success with BlackBerry Thousands of companies, government agencies and non-profit organizations worldwide have increased their success with the BlackBerry solution an d are effectively improving peoples lives. Success stories, such asTDI,R3SM,Herrles Country Farm Market,International Medical corpsandMissing Children of South Africa, showcase how organizations are using the BlackBerry solution to benefit society. To find out why the BlackBerry solution was the best fit for these and other customers, visit the BlackBerry Customer Success websitewww. lackberry. com/go/success. Supply Chain BlackBerry BlackBerry is committed to ensuring that the management of our bring chain activities is socially and environmentally responsible. As a multinational company we recognize that our supply chain operations reach many parts of the globe and a diverse range of communities, each with their own culture and business norms. As a responsible organization, we also recognize that there are certain standards of employment and environmental performance that must be respected wherever we operate or have business relationships.These standards are encapsulated in our Supplier Code of Conduct, which was published in 2011. Supplier compliance with the BlackBerry Supplier Code of Conduct and trusty Minerals Policy is an expectation for doing business and is fundamental to our supplier engagement activities. BlackBerrycontinues to be an active participant in the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC) and the Global e-Sustainability Initiative (GeSI). View the BlackBerry Supplier Code of Conduct(PDF) View the BlackBerry Responsible Minerals Policy(PDF) Learn about the EICCLearn about the GeSI Supply chain social responsibility implementation BlackBerryuses a risk-based approach for monitoring supplier conformance to our Supplier Code of Conduct. In fiscal 2012, BlackBerry established an enhanced process for evaluating supplier social and environmental responsibility (SER) risk and prioritizing suppliers for assessments. The first step is a high-level risk assessment based on such factors as supplier location, commodity, relationship and hi story. The high-level risk assessment intend to be conducted annually on our identified supplier list.The output of this assessment is a prioritized list of suppliers, who will be required to complete detailed self-assessments. BlackBerryintends to use the EICC-ON system to gather this information. BlackBerrysupports a common industry solution to supplier SER management and is actively engaged in the continued development of the system through work with EICC. BlackBerryhas formalized a process for reviewing the supplier self-assessments and plans to use the results as an input to BlackBerrys SER audit schedule. Learn more about our auditing process Freely chosen employment in our supply chains BlackBerrysupports the principle of freely chosen employment and does not support the use of slave labor in any of its forms, including forced labor and child labor. View the BlackBerry Statement Regarding Freely Chosen profession In Our Supply Chains(PDF) Building capacity through training L ike many other companies in our sector, we conduct on-site audits to check that our suppliers are complying with our Supplier Code of Conduct.We also recognize that auditing is only one of a number of tools that can be used to help drive improvements in supply chain performance. We are interested in developing additional sustainable solutions and in this respect BlackBerryis a co-leader of the EICC/GeSI Learning Capability Work Group. During 2011 the sort developed and launched supply chain training programs focused on health and safety in the workplace and worker-management communications, including sessions hosted by BlackBerrysuppliers. Supply chain carbon reportingBlackBerryis participating in the EICCs carbon reporting system. Through this system we will survey many of our direct suppliers of materials, which will give us brainstorm into the carbon emissions associated with BlackBerrys supply chain. It will help us to identify areas for improvement and opportunities to work with suppliers on projects to reduce carbon emissions. It will also help to raise awareness within our supply chain of the impact of carbon emissions on the environment and the benefits that can be gained through reduction programs.Conflict minerals It is wide recognised that control over the valuable raw material resources of the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and surrounding countries has contributed to armed conflict and serious cases of human rights abuses in the region. 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The process is based on a closed pipe principle in which tantalite ore mined from specific sites within the DRC is traced along its secure supply chain to the smelter.The smelter, who is a participant in the CFS Program, converts the ore to capacitor grade powder and wire that is then shipped to AVX Corporation, who in turn manufactures the capacitors and ships them to participating customers, including BlackBerry. Not only does this program help to ensure that tantalum used in our products comes from verifiably conflict-free sources, but it also provides hope to the small artisanal miners and communities who rely on this work to support themselves and their families. Learn about Solutions for Hope Supplier diversity Launched in the U. S. nd Canada in fiscal 2012, the BlackBerrySupplier Diversity Program works to create mutually beneficial business relationships with diverse suppliers tha t strengthen communities. The goal is to provide opportunities to diverse suppliers who satisfy purchasing and contractual standards. Diverse businesses include small businesses, businesses owned by veterans, minorities or women, and those in historically underutilized business zones. Sourcing areas of the club are encouraged to identify and include diverse suppliers and consultants in the procurement process. * Learn about the BlackBerry Supplier Diversity Program

Succubus Heat CHAPTER 14

Instinct made me drive back to Queen Anne. I operated on au overtakeilot, my oral sex blank. It was only when Id parked and gotten out of the car that my senses slowly began to return to me. relieve, I tried my best to stay numb, to non figure rough anything skilful a elbow room. My live was growling, so I decided to focus on basic needs. I walked over to a Thai restaurant between my apartment and the bookstore, seeking the babys dummy of a corner table and green curry. Once I was settled, there was no avoiding it.What had happened back there? Part of me could still feel Gregs hands on me, still feel the sickening sensation of being utterly and completely helpless. further the rest of me was slowly starting to analyze the stove exploding.Id noticed the gasconade stove upon my initial inspection, still Id noticed no smell until right in front it caught on fire. With gas leaks, didnt a place usu on the wholey fill up over time? This had been sudden. An out-of-the-blue surge of gas, and BAM No warning, no anything. I supposed it could hire been coincidence. Lucky timing. But in my world, coincidences didnt happen. They were usu eachy guided by a stronger force-out. The question was who or what was responsible? I had similarly much to worry about now without both(prenominal) unseen arsonist on the scene.Why so pensive, Daughter of Li illumineh?I facial gestureed up from my half-eaten food. CarterI was pretty sure Id never been so happy to see the angel in my life, except for whitethornbe when hed pull through me from Helena the crazy nephilim last fall. He wore the same clothes hed had on in Vancouver. They appe atomic number 18d to stay in a perpetually consistent state of dishevelment-never getting worse, never getting better.He slid into the chair opposite me. You gonna finish that? he asked, pointing at my p slowly.I shook my head and slid the curry over to him. He promptly dug in, practically inhaling it. Whats going on? he asked between mo uthfuls of rice.You know whats going on. Seattles gone to hell. Literally.Yeah, Ive noticed. Hows it feel to be footloose and devoteecy free?It sucks. For some reason, my hairs always frizzy. I used to style it myself before this happened, and it never did that.Carter grinned. I doubt you were doing it all yourself. You may have still done all the labor, but some subconscious part of you was probably tweaking it just a little bit to keep it perfect.I pulled a face. Well, even if thats true, Ive got a few larger problems.I gave him a brief recap of my adventures this morning and what had happened with Greg. Even speaking about it still sent a chill grim my spine. I evaluate Carter to laugh and operate some quip at my expense, but his face stayed serious.You need to be careful, he utter gravely. Everythings different now. Itll only be for a short time, true, but even if you ejectt die, youre still locked in a insecurityous game.We have to envision Jerome. Do you know where he s at?Carter shook his head. Nope. He disappeared bump off our radars too. I dont know anything more(prenominal) than than than you do.You probably know more about behemoth summoning than I do, I pointed out.Depends, he said. What do you know? passably much what I already told you. Dante didnt have much more to offer than who he thought could do it. And those other losers didnt give up anything at all-except attitude.Carter flagged gobble up a waitress and ordered a plate of panang curry and Thai iced coffee. Afterward, he tapped the table lightly with his finger, face drawn and thoughtful. I can class you how its done, he said at last. But I cant do much more. This is your sides business, not ours. Were not supposed to interpose.Dispensing information isnt the same as interfering, I said.He smiled. Depends on your definitions. And your people are great at finding loopholes and technicalities.Yeah, butCarter I sighed. I dont unfeignedly have anyone else.Even if Id had full s uccubus charisma going, I dont theorise it would have worked on him. But I still had some sort of Georgina charisma that he was susceptible to. He equivalentd me and was refer about my life, even if he had a funny way of showing it sometimes.The Thai iced coffee appeared, and he paused to take a drink. Okay. Heres how it works. Basically, a demon gets summoned into an object, and with sufficient magic, the demon becomes bound to that and is trapped. Youve heard stories about genies, right? Well, theyre kind of variations on this principle. Humans who summon demons into objects can indeed occasionally release the demon and make them run errands.But this ones keeping Jerome locked up.Right. Which makes it unmanageableer. What makes it harder still is that if this human has any sense at all, theyve got the object hidden in a place of power. He took other sip and waited for me to process this.I knew what he was talking about. The earth was covered in places of power-sacred sites , ley lines, magic-infused spots. Anyone sifting through mythology would come across countless references to them and the roles theyd played in human history. There was just one problem with it.There are dozens of those in Seattle, I said slowly.Carter nodded. Yup. And even if you find the right one, the power in that place is going to help mask the power coming from the bound demon. For you? Gonna be roughly impossible without your usual senses. You need another theology to help, the stronger the better. Or possibly a human psychic.I groaned. But you cant help, and none of the demons will. The panang curry arrived, and Carter devoured it with enthusiasm. Putting that aside, lets suppose I find this object, whatever it is. Then what?Mmm, thats hard too, he said. A great immortal could just break it open.But not me. I was beginning to see how this worked, and it wasnt encouraging.No, not even if you were in your recipe state. The summoner probably put a lock on it-a seal. Thatll keep a lesser immortal out. The seals used in the binding, then its broken into two pieces that are kept separated for safekeeping. The practitioner most certainly keeps one. If he or she had a demons help, Im gaugeing the demon has the other. Or else the practitioner would hide it.Do you think another demon was involved?He swallowed. Most definitely. If you can recover the pieces of the seal, though, then you could unlock the object and set Jerome free.When Id starting time seen Carter standing over my table, Id been change with hope, convinced this miserable situation was going to resolve soon and wed get Jerome back. Now? I was more pessimistic than before.So, let me get this straight. All I have to do is find this mystical object that Jeromes locked in, an object I have no way of even signal detection. Once I have it, I then simply have to force the pieces of the lock away from the summoner and a demon .Yup, said Carter, licking his fork. That pretty much sums it up.Fuck.Yup .Well, the infos good, but I cant do anything. I have no leads on any part of this, nowhere to start.His gray eyes twinkled. The seal has to be made of quartz.OkayHand- form by human hands.I raised an eyebrow, curious as to where this was going.By someone familiar with magic and runes. He looked at me conceptualiseantly.So?How many people do you think that describes in the Seattle area? He didnt wait for me to finish. Not many.Carter and his riddles. Youre articulateing I should find who made the seal, in the hopes they can tell me who commissioned it.Right. And they can as well as tell you what the seals specifics are. Its almost always a disc about this big. He used the fingers of one hand to make a circle about the size of a quarter. But the color and designs will be different and provide clues as to what kind of place its been hidden in.God, this is complicated.Youre trying to find a demon thats been captured and bound as part of a larger political power play, Georgina, Cart er said. What do you expect?Fair point, I murmured. I have one more question, though. It has nothing to do with the seal, though.Shoot.Whyd the stove at Gregs blow up?Because of a gas leak.One that came on out of nowhere?He shrugged. Compared to what we see each sidereal day? A lot stranger things happen.I eyed him for a moment, wondering if I should press him with my real question. Hed said he couldnt directly interfere in this, but Carter had saved my life once before. His showing up here now was awfully coincidentalWas it possible hed been following me all day? Had he helped expedite the stoves incineration to save me? One might argue that touching Greg would have been direct interferencebut harming the stove wouldnt be, if you wanted to use demon-worthy technicalities. And, in a typically angelic way, Carter hadnt actually denied his involvement.I decided to let the matter go. If Carter was keeping his help a secret, there was a good reason. With a sigh, I glanced at the clock to my right. Well, Im still technically on leave, so I should probably take advantage of that and hunt overpower this seal maker. reasoned luck, said Carter. But joking aside, I meant what I said earlier. Youve got to be careful. At the very least, dont do this coerce alone.You sure you cant break the rules and come with me, then? I asked a bit wistfully.Nope, but why do you need me when there are plenty of other candidates? With a grin, he nodded at something beyond me.I glanced back and saw solidification standing at the take-out counter. I jerked my head back toward Carter.Hey Howd-Carter was gone.Just then, the waitress set down the bill, which included Carters meal. ass angels, I muttered, fumbling for my credit card.Turning back around, I studied Seth, feeling my stomach twist in that usual way. As though sensing me, he suddenly turned and made eye contact. Surprise registered on his face, and then he held up his hand in a hang on a second kind of way.A few agonizing minu tes later, he walked over to my table holding a take-out bag.Hey, I said.Hey. Is that lunch? I was suddenly embarrassed by the fact that I had two plates in front of me.Yeah, Im actually heading home to work. The caf? at the stores too crowded and noisy.I thought you could work through anything.He shook his head. These days Im moredistractible than usual. His eyes studied me for a moment, and then he looked away. But in that moment, Id mat a tingle run through my skin. Seth cleared his throat. Sowhat about you? He forced himself to look back at me. You lookI dont know. Uneasy. Not as bad as yesterday but still troubled. More immortal intrigue?A good portion of my present anxiousness was simply due to his proximity. Yeah, afraid so.So, you havent found Jerome yet, and youre stillNow it was my turn to look away. Yeah. I followed some leads on Jerome this morning, and it was kind ofum, well, its not important. Lets just say it wasnt a pleasant experience, and I didnt find out anythin g anyway. I glanced back in his direction, making sure I kept my eyes on his Blondie island of Jersey and not his face. Ive got one more thing to check into, then I guess I can call it a day.Well, thats good, I guess. He shifted uncomfortably, and that feckless tension that was so characteristic for us multiplied. I tried to think of something to say, but nothing came. So he began at last. I know what you said beforebut I still have to ask. Is there anythinganything I can do?The retort was on my lips, to tell him I didnt need him, not anymore. But an image of Greg flashed into my mind, and I hated myself for the fear it invoked. I didnt want to be a damsel in distress. I didnt want to live in fear and need a man to watch over me. Gregs weight and element of surprise had shown that self-defense wouldnt always work. Sometimes it was hard to face danger alone. Carters words repeated in my head Why do you need me when there are plenty of other candidates?I blurted out my question befo re I had time to reconsider. Would you go with me?It was hard to say which of us was more surprised by this. Onyour errand? he asked.I nodded. Yeah. But I mean, if youve got stuff to doIll go, he said quickly. He held up his take-out bag. Can I eat in your car?You can eat right now, I said. visual perception as I dont know where were going yet.Leaving Seth to eat at the table, I stepped outside to make a couple of phone calls. The first was to Dante. He answered, fortunately, but had no clue about what I needed.Someone who carves crystal? he asked incredulously. I dont do fluffy New Age stuff.Yeah. I found out more about demon summoning. Apparently theres some kind of seal involved that only a master artisan can make.I dont know anyone like that, he said. As much as it pains me to admit a lack of knowledge about anything.Well, I guess even you have limits.You are so in trouble for that the next time I see you, succubus.After we hung up, I tried Erik. He too answered, and in his usua l way, he never bothered to ask why I needed the information. There is someone, he mused. Ive necessitated crystal jewelry from her before, carved into motley sacred symbols-ankhs and crosses. I dont know if she works with the arcane or spellcraft, but shes the only one I know in the area who comes close.I took down her name and address and went back deep down. Seth had nearly finished his meal, rivaling Carter for speed. Do we have a mission objective yet?I nodded. Yup. Out to the hinterlands, even.Okay, chromatic wasnt exactly the hinterlands, but it was well outside the Seattle urban and even suburban sprawl. It was one of several small rural communities that clung to western Washingtons edge before better-looking way to the wilderness of the Cascade Mountains and the desert on the other side.I made a Starbucks stop along the way so that I could acquire some caffeine. It seemed requisite to get through this. When Seth asked me to order him a mocha Frappuccino, I nearly crash ed into the drive-thru window.Thats got caffeine in it, I said.I know. But theyre genuinely good. Maddie got me hooked on them.We drove in utter silence for ten minutes after that. If not for Jeromes summoning, I would have said this was the most astonishing thing to happen to me in the last twenty-four hours. Seth was drinking caffeine. It was unheard of. Hed abstained from it for years, and despite my clear addiction and coaxing throughout our relationship, hed never shown any interest of cracking. Yet, Maddie- Maddie -had somehow gotten him to change?I dont know why I took such offense at that. Honestly, it was an inconsequential thing in the greater scheme of the universe. StillI couldnt help feeling hurt. Well, maybe hurt wasnt the right word. Inadequate, perhaps. Shed gotten him to do something I couldnt. Why? Why her and not me? Was she more inspire? Did he care about her more?Is something wrong? Seth finally asked. My silence and death grip on the steering wheel had probabl y reorient him off.Nope, I lied. Just worried about all of this.You are not.Im not worried about all this?Okay, you are. But thats not why youre upset right now. Youre upset about this. Out of the corner of my eye, I saw him wave the Frappuccino. After all this time, he still knew me.Thats stupid. Why would I care about that?He sighed. Because I know you. Youre irritated that I did something I never said Id do.Why should I care? I replied stiffly. Im happy youre expanding your horizons. The look he shot me told me he knew better.We reached the address Erik had given me without further argument, largely because we didnt talk. The house was an older rambler set on a huge yard that would have held an holy subdivision back in Seattle. Lawn ornaments-a deer and a gnome, to name a few-cluttered the grass, and wind chimes dangled on the porch.We knocked on the door, and several moments later, a woman in her late forties or early fifties answered. She had hair dyed an unnatural shade of r ed that put me in mind of Tawnys current hue. Her tight-fitting top pressed a lot of cleavage into her scoop neckline and was also not that far off from something Tawny might wear, albeit a little less tacky. The look the woman gave us wasnt unfriendly so much as curious.Yes?Hi, I said. Are you bloody shame Wilt- Oh my God she squealed. She had just done a double-take on Seth. Youre Seth MortensenSeth stiffened and exchanged looks with me. Well, yeahHer blue-shadowed eyes bugged as she practically drooled over him. I cant believe it. I cant believe it Seth Mortensens on my porch I recognize you from your website. I look at it every day. Every day . Oh my God. Oh my God Im your biggest fan. Come inSeth looked like he wanted to bolt of lightning then and there, but I nudged him forward. This turn of events was a bit unexpected-and creepy-but could possibly work to our advantage.We stepped through the doorway. There was nothing particularly extraordinary about the inside of her hous e. The d?cor was more modern than the outside suggested, all done in neutral shades. There was a bit of normal lived-in clutter and far more figurines than I found tasteful, but overall, it was a nice place. Some of the figurines were carved out of crystal, which I took as a good sign.Come in, come in, Mary gushed, beckoning toward the living room. Sit, sit Can I get you anything? Iced tea? Coffee? Tequila?Er, no. Im fine, said Seth, who was clearly becoming more and more uncomfortable with all of this. Thank you.He and I sat down on the couch, and Mary sat in an armchair across from us, leaning forward in a way that afforded an ample view of her breasts. What can I do for you? she asked. Are you here to buy something? Id do anything for you. Anything . She grinned at Seth, making her anything intentions obvious. Youre so much cuter than I expected. forget you sign my books while youre here? I own all of them.She gestured toward a set of shelves on the wall, and sure enough, Seths books stood out prominently. I had been a longtime fan girl of Seths before we started going out, and I wondered uneasily if Id sounded this crazed and desperate way back when. She probably would have passed out if shed known about the innovational copy Seth gave me.Sure, said Seth. Id, um, be happy to. He elbowed me, no doubt in an effort to get me to state our business and save him. Still a little irritated from our car argument, I almost enjoyed watching him in her clutches.Were actually not here to buy anything, I told her. We wanted to find out about a piece you might have recently made for someone.Mary turned toward me, seeming to notice me for the first time. Her gleeful, ravenous observation dimmed and even turned a little suspicious. Who are you again?Georgina. Were wondering if you recently made a piece for a client. A carved disc about this big with some sort of arcane symbol on it. I approximated the size Carter had shown me.Her face grew more wary and pinched. I cant say.I frowned. You dont remember?She shook her head. I keep records of all my pieces. But thats confidential. I cant give that kind of information away.This is really important, I said. We thinkthere may be a crime involved.Sorry, Giselle. I cant tell you about that. Not unless youre with the police or something.Georgina, I corrected. Her adherence to client confidentiality was perfectly understandable-but well, I wasnt really concerned with what was morally correct right now. Giving Seth an elbow poke of my own, I hoped hed jump in and use his author god power. It took him a few moments, but he did.It would help us so much, Mary. Wed- Id -really appreciate it. He stumbled over the words a little, but from the way her face lit up, youd think hed just murmured the sexiest thing in her ear.Oh, Seth, she sighed. I really would do anything for youbut, well, I do try to respect my clients privacy. Surely a man like you understands that.Well, yeah, of course I- I elbowed him again. He sho t me a quick glare and then returned his gaze to her. That is, I do understand, but like I said, this is really important.Indecision warred on her face, and I kind of admired her principles. She actually looked uncrackable, and I had a feeling Seth wasnt going to be too much more assertive. Glancing beyond her, I noticed a hallway leading off to another part of the house. I keep records of all my pieces .Youre right, I said abruptly. We cant expect her to give out that kind of information. Right, Seth?He turned to me again, giving me a curious glance. Right? It was more of a question than an agreement.Mary nearly melted in relief, her eyes all over Seth. Oh, I knew youd understand. I could tell right away that we think just alike. Kindred spirits and all that, you know? Just from the way you write I-Hey, Mary? I interrupted.She looked over at me, again seeming astonished that I was still there.Do you have a bathroom I could use?Bathroom? she repeated, like it was a crazy concept.It was a long drive, I explained sweetly. Besides, thatll give you and Seth a fortune to get to know each other while he signs your books.Her face brightened again, and she turned to Seth without another glance for me. Oh, sure Thats a great idea, Georgia. Its down the hall.I stood up. Thanks.Seth and I made brief eye contact. There was a look of both panic and wariness. He didnt want to be unexpended alone. And he also knew I wouldnt give up the fight so easily. He suspected that I was up to something.He was right. I was about to go break into Marys records.